Answer with Explanation

Ans (4): The rate of increase in direct tax collections post demonetisation has not been entirely unprecedented

(1) is incorrect as ‘has’ should have been used in place of ‘is’, due to the use of ‘been’. (2) is incorrect as ‘by’ should have been used in place of ‘upon’ to connect the two noun phrases ‘the Economic Survey’ and ‘Finance Ministry’. (3) is incorrect as the present tense form ‘consists’ is wrong. ‘Consisted’, i.e., the past tense form is to be used here because the sentence refers to a time in the past (‘prior to the GST rollout’). (4) is grammatically correct and meaningful.

Answer with Explanation

Ans (1): The good news is that the death of the internal combustion engine is nearing and electric-vehicle sales are on a tear

(1) is grammatically correct and meaningful. (2) is incorrect as we need an adjective and not a noun (detail) before ‘plans’. So, it should have been ‘detailed’. Option (3) is incorrect as the preposition ‘than’ needs to be used in place of the adverb ‘then’, as a comparison is being done here. Option (4) is incorrect as the adjective ‘electrical’ should replace the adverb ‘electrically’, to modify the noun ‘variant’ that follows.

Answer with Explanation

Ans (2): Now, using electroencephalography (EEG) studies, researchers from Indian Institute to Technology (IIT) Kanpur have deciphered different mechanisms and alternations in the neural networks that lead to enhanced cognitive effects

(1) is incorrect as the adjective ‘cognitive’ should replace the noun ‘cognition’ to modify the noun ‘abilities’ that follows. (2) is grammatically correct and meaningful. Option (3) is incorrect as the preposition ‘at’ is incorrectly used; it should have been ‘of’ instead. Option (4) is incorrect; either we need to place the conjunction ‘in’ after ‘reduction’ or change the noun ‘reduction’ to the adjective ‘reduced’, to modify the noun ‘information’.

Answer with Explanation

Ans (3): Traditional computer algorithms are also to correctly identify 90 percent of the radiation sources

(1) is incorrect as the correct preposition to be used after ‘galaxies’ in the sentence is ‘in’, not ‘on’. (2) is incorrect as the correct form of the verb to be used after ‘to’ is ‘spot’, not the past form ‘spotted’. (3) is grammatically correct and meaningful. (4) is incorrect as the noun ‘catalogue’ should have been used in place of ‘catalogued’. ‘Catalogued’ can be a verb or an adjective depending on usage and the use of either is incorrect here as we are in need of a noun.

Answer with Explanation

Ans (1): After a long gap, a flock of five Greater flamingoes has been spotted on the Coast of Hope Island, a part of the Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary

(1) is grammatically correct and meaningful. (2) is incorrect as the adjective ‘long-legged’ should have been used instead of ‘long-leg’. Option (3) is incorrect due to the incorrect preposition ‘of’ after ‘spread’; it should have been ‘over’ instead. (4) is incorrect due to the incorrect preposition ‘on’, where ‘in’ should have been used (in and around).